Early numeracy experiences are designed to nurture curiosity, build confidence and help foster a positive disposition for mathematics. In the primary years, the emphasis is on building deep, connected understandings of mathematical ideas such as counting, comparing quantities, recognizing patterns and investigating number relationships. Abstract concepts become visible when learners engage in hands-on learning opportunities and have access to a variety of concrete manipulatives. As they ask questions, make predictions and explain their thinking, learners strengthen their reasoning and problem-solving skills. Talking with peers and using precise mathematical language further supports learners in making sense of their ideas and deepening their understanding. Collectively, these experiences ensure that mathematics is seen as meaningful, connected and relevant to everyday life.

In K-2 Mathematics, students are counting, beginning to understand numbers and the patterns in the number system. They generate questions, collect data, represent quantities, and explain their thinking. Teachers may demonstrate or weave in examples of digital tool usage to highlight that technologies may or may not be useful or accurate – depending on the tool, purpose, and objective.