Skill Descriptor: Review forms of matter.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Apply chemistry vocabulary to differentiate atoms, elements, compounds, ions, molecules, pure substances or mixtures, chemical and physical properties, heterogenous and homogenous mixtures
• Classify metals and non-metals, periods and groups, representative and transition elements, and families, as illustrated in the periodic table

Skill Descriptor: Analyze atomic models.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Explain the relationship between isotopes, atomic mass, and average atomic mass
• Differentiate atoms, ions, and molecules including subatomic particles, atomic mass, atomic number, mass number, valence electrons, core electrons, and isotopes
• Investigate the development of atomic theory (Dalton’s Theory to Modern Quantum Mechanical Model)
• Describe the energies and electron probability distribution for each type of atomic orbital according to the quantum mechanical model
• Write electron configurations and create electron box diagrams for atoms and ions applying Hund’s rule, Pauli exclusion principle, and Aufbau principle
• Apply understanding of electronegativity to predict bonding types
• Predict ion charges of main (representative) group elements

Skill Descriptor: Analyze compounds.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Differentiate between ionic and molecular compounds including acids and bases, using conductivity, and pH indicators
• Model the solubility of ionic and molecular compounds in polar and nonpolar solvents including solvent spheres
• Name and write formulas for ionic (binary, multivalent, polyatomic, and hydrates) and molecular compounds and acids using IUPAC and classical naming systems

Skill Descriptor: Review chemical bonds.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Identify lone pairs, bonding electrons, and bonding capacity using Lewis Dot structures and structural diagrams
• Explain the formation of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds using Lewis Dot structures

Skill Descriptor: Analyze molecular shape and bond angles.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Determine three-dimensional VSEPR shapes (up to four electron groups) of various molecules from structural diagrams
• Explain the relationship between VSEPR shapes and bond angles
• Determine polarity of molecules using VSEPR shapes and electronegativity

Skill Descriptor: Review intermolecular forces.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Classify types of intermolecular forces and their relative strengths
• Explain the physical properties of matter using intermolecular forces and their relative strengths

Skill Descriptor: Review moles and mass.

Global Competencies: CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Define the mole in terms of Avogadro’s number of particles
• Identify molar mass of atoms using the periodic table
• Calculate the molar mass of compounds
• Interconvert between number of particles, mass, and moles of pure substances

Skill Descriptor: Review moles and aqueous solutions.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Explain the concept of concentration as amount of solute per amount of solvent / solution
• Calculate the molar concentration in mol/L
• Interconvert between moles, volume, and molar concentration
• Explain the process of dilution qualitatively and quantitatively

Skill Descriptor: Review moles and gasses.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Explain the concepts of temperature, absolute zero, and pressure in terms of molecular behaviour
• Interconvert between Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales
• Calculate atmospheric pressure in terms of atm and kPa
• Explain the relationship between pressure, temperature, volume, and moles of ideal gasses in the context of Boyle’s, Gay-Lussac’s, and Charles’ laws
• Calculate parameters using Boyle’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Charles’ laws as related to the combined gas law
• Calculate moles for gasses under standard conditions (STP, SATP)
• Calculate parameters under a variety of conditions and based on the ideal gas equation PV = nRT
• Interconvert between moles, volume, pressure, temperature, and mass for gasses

Skill Descriptor: Solve mole-to-mole stoichiometry problems.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS

Achievement Indicators:

• Write chemical equations from word equation, to skeleton, to balanced equation
• Apply the law of conservation of mass by balancing equations
• Identify the five general types of chemical reactions: formation, decomposition, combustion, single, and double replacement including precipitation and neutralization
• Predict products of chemical reactions (minimum of combustion, single-displacement, double-displacement)
• Predict the states of the products of chemical reactions using the periodic table and solubility charts
• Identify mole ratios of reactants and products from balanced chemical equations
• Calculate gravimetric and volumetric (solutions and gasses) stoichiometry related to chemical equations
• Calculate the percent yield for precipitation reactions
• Explain the concept of limiting and excess reagents
• Calculate stoichiometry related to chemical equations involving limiting reagents

Skill Descriptor: Model lab skills and safety practices.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS, CL

Achievement Indicators:

• Model behaviours that will keep self and others safe in learning contexts
• Research chemical Safety Data Sheets prior to use including safety directions
• Collect data using instruments effectively and accurately (technique)
• Demonstrate an understanding of, handling, and disposal of materials according to WHMIS 2015 standards (Global Harmonized System)
• Identify when to use and model safe use of Personal Protective Equipment
• Safely use equipment and materials as directed by the supplier or in accordance with the manufacturer specification or manual including hazards connected with the use, handling, storage, disposal and transport of any tool, equipment, machine, device, or chemical agent
• Apply Système International units, unit conversions, and significant digits in computations as appropriate
• Identify evidence that may indicate a chemical change has occurred
• Identify and explain sources of experimentation error (gross, systematic, uncertainty/random)
• Interpret chemical systems by compiling, organize, and communicating laboratory data and selecting appropriate formats and data treatments
• Design a guided stoichiometric inquiry experiment identifying and controlling major variables

Skill Descriptor: Explore chemistry applications and careers.

Global Competencies: CM, CTPS, SASM

Achievement Indicators:

• Research African innovation in chemistry
• Compare Wabanaki and Western views of the natural world including how chemistry and knowledge of matter is carried through story
• Identify the chemical elements most prevalent in living systems
• Identify existing environmental and/or economic policies or laws relating to chemicals at a municipal, provincial, and/or federal level
• Compare Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and Erwin Schrödinger including models of the atom, scientific context, and technology limitations
• Investigate the development of bonding theory including evidence and theories tested, revised, and replaced over time, and Canadian scientific contributions
• Explain the concept of the mole including scientific context and significance of development within the field of chemistry
• Explore chemistry-based careers in Canada based on own interests
• Share how skills and concepts learned in chemistry may be transferable in a career path
• Research chemical ingredients and additives to determine benefits and risk to health when choosing consumer products
• Analyze benefits and risks to society and the environment of chemistry applications by applying the concepts of stoichiometry, thresholds, bonding and reactions
• Analyze benefits and risks to society and the environment of chemistry technologies and applications of chemistry technologies including the constraints that result in trade-offs during development and improvement
• Identify chemistry and/or technology applications where chemistry equations are used